Philanthropy (read time: 12 min)
What types of jobs exist in Philanthropy?
Entry-level positions
Philanthropy by the numbers (pay and hours)
How to get a job in Philanthropy
Pathways to get your foot in the door
Exit opportunities
Additional resources
Next three steps
So you want to work in Philanthropy?
If you would prefer to support a range of mission-driven organizations rather than focus on one program, you may be attracted to a career in Philanthropy. Beyond the practical employee benefits of working for a foundation, you can have a significant influence on the broader social sector by guiding the flow of donations to the best and most impactful nonprofits. Foundation staff are trusted to distribute millions of dollars each year to causes that they care about. That’s no small thing! In addition, you’ll often gain exposure to a wide range of social issues, since philanthropies often work with “portfolios” of hundreds of different organizations. In this way, working for a foundation at the beginning of your career will give you a bird’s-eye view of the social impact world.
The comfort, resources, and stimulation of jobs in Philanthropy can be very appealing, so the application process tends to be highly competitive. At the same time, the day-to-day experience of foundation employees may feel distanced from what nonprofit partners are actually doing on the ground. This disconnect often means foundations prefer to hire talent who have already had experience in the field and can bring that context to their work. Cutting your teeth at a nonprofit or social enterprise before working for a foundation also provides a smoother path into a programs role, in which hiring managers typically look for some years of experience. However, if you decide to start your career in Philanthropy, you can still gain valuable skills that will transition well to work on the ground after your time at a foundation.
The Philanthropy sector is in the midst of a reckoning over the problematic structures of privilege that result from the funder-grantee relationship. In particular, foundations have come under fire for their largely white, privileged leadership and few members who have lived experience of the issues the fund aims to advance. The conversations around diversity and inclusion are happening across the Philanthropy sector, and some meaningful changes are taking place. However, foundations have a long way to go before there is a widespread shift in power dynamics. For some, this context could be a drawback to joining this industry. While for others, this could be an opportunity to help lead a change in how foundations operate in the coming decades.
If this career path sounds exciting to you, this guide will take you through everything you need to know about working in Philanthropy. To inform our work, Second Day has spoken to experts in the field and gathered the best information out there for upcoming and recent graduates. First, the guide will take you through the different entry-level positions to look out for in this field. Then, we’ll provide tips on actually getting those jobs in Philanthropy. We’ll finish with our next three steps: actionable items you can take to make progress towards building a career in Philanthropy. Let’s get started!
This guide was written by Rachel Angle (SDIF ‘20) and Phil Dearing in partnership with the Second Day team.
Many thanks to experts in the field who supported this work:
Henry Berman, Former CEO, Exponent Philanthropy
Caroline Healey (SDIF’20), Membership and Communications Associate, Washington Regional Association of Grantmakers
Pamela Hung, Former Program Associate, The Boston Foundation
Sarah Sprott, Former HR Manager, The Helmsley Charitable Trust
Anna Windsor, Program Associate, Wellspring Philanthropic Fund
What types of jobs exist in Philanthropy?
Philanthropy, from the Greek to “love people,” generally refers to giving money to people and organizations that could use it. In some countries around the world, rich individuals give money directly to people that are in poverty. In the United States, it is much more common for rich individuals to create a foundation that then disburses money to nonprofit organizations. The scale and scope of Philanthropy can vary greatly, as can the aims of the work. Funders like the Marguerite Casey Foundation are very progressive and work to shift power away from the upper class, while others like the Bradley Foundation promote more conservative causes. The size of foundations varies greatly, from a few hundred thousand dollars in assets to billions of dollars. Philanthropy is a complex and evolving field, but this section walks you through six types of philanthropic organizations to get you started.
LARGE FOUNDATIONS are the name-brand organizations that you probably have heard of like the Ford Foundation, Gates Foundation, or Rockefeller Foundation. These foundations often have hundreds of staff members, dozens of focus areas, and disperse hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Once you have been hired at one of the larger foundations, you can be quite financially comfortable, with room to grow in your career. In other words: it’s pretty great. However, getting in the door can be quite difficult without significant experience, advanced degrees, or serious connections. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try to find these positions and, if you do have connections, you should absolutely leverage them to get in at the ground level.
SMALLER FOUNDATIONS do much of the same work as the large foundations, just on a smaller scale. You likely haven’t heard of many of these organizations, as they tend to have only a few staff members and disburse far less money. However, foundations large and small have similar benefits—generous pay and reasonable hours. The application process to get roles at these organizations will often be less competitive when they open up every few years (or decades), but they will rarely post roles publicly. Instead, qualified folks who know the trustees or the current staff are most likely to be hired for these positions. In general, these smaller foundations give to causes that the donor or their family cares about. Sometimes, these are formalized into clear program areas like the larger foundations, while other times donation goals can vary and change considerably.
DONOR ADVISED FUNDS (DAFS). Importantly, donors receive tax benefits for giving away money. As a result, determining how to give money away can be very complicated, as there are numerous legal requirements about how much can be given away and in what ways in order to receive these tax benefits. DAFs have emerged over the past decade as a new way for wealthy individuals to give away money without many of these requirements. In general, DAFs are housed at either large financial institutions like Fidelity or Schwab or at Community Foundations (see next section). In most cases, the staff of the DAFs give money wherever the donor directs. So even though the money is technically donated to a DAF, the donor still controls it. Job opportunities with DAFs do exist, but they are typically more focused on operations and disbursement logistics, rather than engaging with social issues in a deep way.
COMMUNITY FOUNDATIONS focus their efforts on a specific geographic location. Most cities and regions have a community foundation that supports cross-sectoral collaboration and local investment. If you are eager to engage with a specific area or location, community foundations can be a great way to do so. The size of community foundations can range from a handful of staff to dozens, with large community foundations giving away millions of dollars per year. Unlike traditional foundations that typically receive their funds from a single donor or family, community foundations often need to raise money from individuals and foundations in the area. As a result, staff at community foundations are often out in the world, meeting with potential funders and understanding the current ecosystem in their city. Some community foundations house DAFs, and the staff of the DAF will provide recommendations to the doors about how to most effectively support the community.
CORPORATE FOUNDATIONS are private foundations that are funded by a corporation. They are often staffed and managed by the CSR team or other senior leaders of a corporation. Some corporate foundations are very focused on a specific cause or two, while others will have five or more different areas that they fund. Staff are often charged with coming up with recommendations that are approved by a board or committee monthly or quarterly. In general, funding decisions are made with an eye towards what will help the brand of the corporation most while also doing good in the world. For more details on roles and careers in this space, check out Second Day’s Corporate Social Responsibility guide.
PHILANTHROPIC SERVING ORGANIZATIONS (PSOS) are independent entities that help guide and promote the work of foundations. They make sure that foundations are up to date on the latest research, promote communication between foundations, and provide general support to funders so they can operate effectively. Each PSO has a unique mission that will guide their work, but in general, these organizations may be issue-based PSOs like Funders for LGBTQ Issues, regional organizations like Philanthropy New York, or national and sector-wide PSOs like the Council on Foundations. Click here for an extensive list of PSOs, or look ahead at the appendix.
Depending on the PSO, you will encounter many of the same pros and cons as traditional foundation work, including steadier pay/hours with the consequence of relative removal from the issues themselves (though issue-focused PSOs may help remedy this). However, jobs may be slightly more attainable at PSOs than other foundations一especially if you have a strong argument why you are interested in PSO work in particular. Jobs at many foundations require experience and expertise in a particular issue, whereas many PSOs are looking for entry-level folks that can do strong research. As an employee of a PSO, you may also get the chance to work directly with CEOs and higher-ups at top foundations, providing strong connections for later on in your career.
Entry-level positions
When you think of working at a foundation, you might just imagine the “program team”: identifying great organizations and giving them money. While we will talk through those roles below, this section also covers a wide range of other positions that are necessary for a foundation to be effective. In fact, many of those roles are actually more attainable at an entry-level and set you up well for building a career in Philanthropy.
PROGRAMS
The programs department is responsible for managing grantmaking proposals, evaluating grant applications, and doing background research on grantees (usually nonprofits). These jobs are highly coveted for the benefits of working at a foundation combined with the impact potential. You will be working directly with nonprofits, and are able to see the direct ripple effects of your work on the organizations you fund. As a result, these positions can be very competitive, especially at the entry-level. Nonetheless, by building experience in the field, and doing thorough networking and research to find the right foundation, you may be able to get one of these jobs in the future.
The most common entry-level position in the programs department will be a Program Assistant or Program Associate. Within this role, you will do a combination of substantive and administrative tasks. As a Program Assistant, you will have the chance to prove yourself as a hard worker. As you advance, and with higher education credentials, you may also see positions labeled Program Associate. These roles will usually ask for a Master’s degree and/or 2-3 years in the field. In these roles, you will typically have less administrative work and more meetings with external stakeholders. Even further along in their career are Program Officers, who usually come in with 7+ years of experience and an advanced degree. Program Officers typically manage a team and have discretion in recommending where to spend an allocation of money each year.
While working in the programs department, you will have to familiarize yourself with the strategy of the foundation and manage grantmaking within that mission. Based on the interests of the foundation board, each organization will have distinct priorities. As a result, many program officer positions will be tailored to a specific issue. For example, some research-based foundations will hire PhDs who have experience with a specific disease. In this case, you want to make sure you research each foundation to find out which ones align with your experience and interests. Almost every foundation carves out some “focus areas,” so your best bet for getting a role on the program's team is to build a case for why you would know best how to spend money working on that focus area. This could come from your own lived experience or from built-up expertise through internships, jobs, and school. With over 100,000 foundations across the US, there is very likely a foundation working on pretty much any social change issue you can think of.
GRANTS MANAGEMENT
Like Program Assistant, the Grants Manager position is a foundation-specific role. In collaboration with the programs team, they will manage the grants process from end to end. Much of this work will be data-driven and administrative, but it is absolutely fundamental to a foundation’s work. Grants management is a good place to start, especially if you have experience with data because it doesn’t require the same specialized experience as program roles. Since a Program Assistant will often require several years of experience to attain, a Grant Administrator role is a great way to get there. It gets you inside of a foundation and working closely with the program team. Pivoting from grants administration into program roles is quite common.
COMMUNICATIONS
This position often includes a range of communications responsibilities: managing social media, developing press releases, managing newsletters or events, and conducting surveys. Common titles include Communications Assistant or Associate at the entry-level. This can be a great way to get your foot in the door at a foundation and it’s worth asking questions about whether it is possible to pivot within the foundation to another role later on or not. In some organizations, it is quite common, while other organizations have a strong barrier between the programs team and the operations team. The Second Day guide to communications jobs is broadly relevant here. Communications roles in Philanthropy will likely pay a bit more and tend to be less tied to fundraising than those described in the guide, but many of the responsibilities and skills mentioned there are relevant in this context too.
ANALYSTS
This position is the most common role title for PSOs. In this role, you are often charged with analyzing data, creating reports, conducting interviews, and hosting events. As mentioned above, these are some of the best entry-level positions in the world of Philanthropy because they are both substantive and often attainable in the first couple years of your career. The specific qualifications and interview process vary by organization, but generally, there will be some sort of work sample. Overall, the application process is similar to many social impact consulting roles, so we recommend reading that guide here if you are interested.
DEVELOPMENT / FUNDRAISING
This role is most common at community foundations and is focused on raising money for the community foundation. Unlike working in fundraising for a nonprofit, most of the money you are raising is to later disburse to other local organizations. As a result, the power dynamic can be more collaborative with other funders in the area. For more details on the day-to-day work of a fundraising team and how to position yourself for the role, check out Second Day’s fundraising/development guide here.
OTHER ROLES
Many larger foundations will also have other common back-end roles such as Finance Associate, Human Resources Associate, and Administrative Assistant. The Second Day guides written for nonprofits (linked above) are broadly applicable in terms of the day-to-day work, with more resources available. Pay will often be a bit higher as well and teams may be a bit more formalized or rigid. If it is a small foundation, they likely won’t have full teams for these functions, so one person will handle a range of these responsibilities as needed.
Philanthropy by the numbers (pay and hours)
As highlighted above, the average pay out of college is slightly higher than elsewhere in the social sector depending on the size of the foundation. At a smaller foundation, you’ll likely make a minimum of between $50K and $55K a year with benefits. At larger organizations, you can make between $70k and $90k as a Programs or Communications Associate. The pay will likely be adjusted to office location and the cost of living there. Another benefit of the Philanthropy world is stable hours. Small foundations usually have the most casual hours, and a PSO will have the most intense hours. In general, Philanthropy work will center on a standard 9-5 week, with some exceptions during busy times. Since fewer people rely on you directly for resources, you may experience less pressure to act immediately should the need arise than other social impact organizations.
How to get a job in Philanthropy
Pathways to get your foot in the door
NETWORK, NETWORK, NETWORK
Connecting with someone working at a foundation or on the board of a foundation can be incredibly important to get your foot in the door. If you don’t know where to start, take advantage of alumni networks and go from there. Do research on the foundations that support the issues you care the most about and build connections with individuals at those organizations. Let them know you are looking for work so they send you the latest job postings and potentially connect you with grantees working on the issues they fund. Also, take advantage of events happening in the field. If you hear a panelist you admire and want to chat with them, use your attendance at the event to build a connection. While networking is important, it is often harder in Philanthropy than in other fields. Foundation staff often receive hundreds of emails a day, with requests for their time (and ultimately the money they have access to). You might need to be more persistent with folks to get quick responses, but don’t let that deter you—most folks working in this space are still delighted to share more about their work!
KEEP AN OPEN MIND ABOUT WHERE TO START
Though you may ultimately be interested in working in programs, or another department, foundations are far easier to navigate from the inside. Therefore, if you can get an entry-level role in HR, communications, or finance based on your previous internships/degree, it often makes sense to take that position. The same goes for administrative work. This isn’t universal though, so once you get an offer, make sure to better understand what internal mobility looks like at the organization. It may not make sense to hold out for a prestigious job title, but it likely does make sense to hold out for a job at an organization with good internal mobility!
INTERNSHIPS
Like full-time roles in Philanthropy, internships are hard to come by and require networking. Try focusing on a particular department where you have skills (in communications or finance for example). Foundations are also in a weird place where they might not think to hire interns but have the funding to bring them on if you can make the case for how you could be helpful to the foundation's work/team. As you are out networking, don’t be afraid to pitch your own internship! PSOs also hire interns and often have more formalized programs, so make sure to remember them during your internship hunt.
HIGHLIGHT ORGANIZATION-SPECIFIC, DIRECT SERVICE EXPERIENCE
Depending on the mission of a foundation, programs will be centered around specific causes and issues. If you have direct service experience, either work or volunteer-based, make sure to connect that work with the organization’s mission. Though it might be hard to get a foundation job right out of college, use that time to build experience for later on in your career. The majority of the most effective leaders in Philanthropy spent at least part of their careers working for nonprofits directly.
Exit opportunities
Since there is relatively low turnover and foundations generally have small staff, internal promotion opportunities are not frequent but are possible. Therefore, it is essential to get a sense of what type of professional development opportunities there will be at your organization when you are interviewing. Do not wait until you are two years in to realize no one gets promoted! Ask those questions up front, and use your time at the organization to assess if you want to move up or out. It is common to leave the sector for a couple of years to get direct experience before re-entering at a higher level.
If you’re looking to go from Philanthropy to the nonprofit sphere, you will hopefully have connected with many nonprofits and built relationships through your work. You can leverage these connections to learn who is hiring, who is a great employer, and who to avoid. It is also common to work at another foundation after your first role since most foundation staff see each other as peers. A job at a PSO can be helpful if you are interested in continuing work in Philanthropy since they liaise with a large network of clients/partners. Across the Philanthropy sector, be sure to leverage your first role to meet as many people as possible. The industry makes that easy for you!
Additional resources
Check out foundation-specific job boards like the Council on Foundations, or the Peak Grantmaking job board. Also, look at EPIP(Emerging Practitioners in Philanthropy), Philanthropy NY, GEO, and Change Philanthropy. Community-Centric Fundraising and Trust-Based Philanthropy are two awesome organizations trying to challenge traditional power dynamics in Philanthropy, so reading their blog is a great way to understand how the industry really works! Finally, Grantcraft is a resource for current philanthropic professionals to build skills for the workplace, and in particular, learn about pursuing Philanthropy with a racial equity lens.
Next three steps
Research a few foundations that you are interested in and look up their staff list on their website or on LinkedIn. By doing this, you’ll get a sense of what positions they hire for and what type of work experience is typical for those roles.
Reach out to alumni from your school or other people you have a mutual connection with to learn more about their work and get their advice on how to break into the industry.
Draft a cover letter paragraph about why you are interested in this foundation’s specific work!
Appendix
The following lists are from the Council on Foundations database.
PHILANTHROPIC SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS
Organizations that provide a variety of services that help support and strengthen the philanthropic infrastructure.
BUSINESS FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
CANDID
THE CENTER FOR EFFECTIVE PHILANTHROPY (CEP)
COMMITTEE ENCOURAGING CORPORATE PHILANTHROPY
THE CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE
THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR FAMILY PHILANTHROPY
THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR RESPONSIVE PHILANTHROPY
PHILANTHROPIC FOUNDATIONS CANADA (PFC)
THE PHILANTHROPIC INITIATIVE
THE PHILANTHROPY ROUNDTABLE
UNITED PHILANTHROPY FORUM
WORLDWIDE INITIATIVES FOR GRANTMAKER SUPPORT (WINGS)
NONPROFIT INFRASTRUCTURE ORGANIZATIONS
Tax-exempt organizations that provide a variety of services which help strengthen the nonprofit sector.
ASSOCIATION OF CORPORATE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONALS
THE ASSOCIATION OF FUNDRAISING PROFESSIONALS (AFP)
THE BBB WISE GIVING ALLIANCE
BOARDSOURCE
U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FOUNDATION CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP CENTER
CIVICUS
THE CONFERENCE BOARD
INDEPENDENT SECTOR
THE NATIONAL CIVIC LEAGUE
THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF NONPROFIT ASSOCIATIONS
THE POINTS OF LIGHT INSTITUTE & VOLUNTEER CENTER NATIONAL NETWORK
THE PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL
FUNDER NETWORKS:
Funder networks are organizations founded by grantmakers who have common interests. The first funder networks were formed in the early 1980s and provide opportunities for grantmakers with common interests to meet each other, share knowledge and encourage collaborative funding. Some funder networks are formed around the identity of the population served. Some are formed around particular grant issue areas. Still others are formed around position and function.
ABFE
AFRICA GRANTMAKERS' AFFINITY GROUP
ASIAN AMERICANS/PACIFIC ISLANDERS IN PHILANTHROPY
CFLEADS
CONFLUENCE PHILANTHROPY
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY FUNDERS (EOF)
EMERGING PRACTITIONERS IN PHILANTHROPY
ENVIRONMENTAL GRANTMAKERS ASSOCIATION
EXPONENT PHILANTHROPY
FUNDERS' COMMITTEE FOR CIVIC PARTICIPATION
FUNDERS CONCERNED ABOUT AIDS
FUNDERS FOR LGBTQ ISSUES
THE FUNDERS NETWORK
FUNDERS FOR REPRODUCTIVE EQUITY
FUNDERS TOGETHER TO END HOMELESSNESS
GRANTMAKERS CONCERNED WITH IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES
GRANTMAKERS FOR EDUCATION
GRANTMAKERS FOR EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS
GRANTMAKERS IN AGING
GRANTMAKERS IN HEALTH
GRANTMAKERS IN THE ARTS
GRASSROOTS GRANTMAKERS
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDERS NETWORK
HISPANICS IN PHILANTHROPY
HUMAN RIGHTS FUNDERS NETWORK
INTERNATIONAL FUNDERS FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
JEWISH FUNDERS NETWORK
LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA COMMUNITY FOUNDATIONS
MEDIA IMPACT FUNDERS
NATIVE AMERICANS IN PHILANTHROPY
NEIGHBORHOOD FUNDERS GROUP
PEACE AND SECURITY FUNDERS GROUP
PEAK GRANTMAKING
PHILANTHROPY FOR ACTIVE CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
RESOURCE GENERATION
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE & FOOD SYSTEMS FUNDERS
TECHNOLOGY AFFINITY GROUP
THE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
WOMEN'S FUNDING NETWORK
REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Regional associations of grantmakers are nonprofit membership associations of private and community foundations, corporations, individuals and others committed to strengthening Philanthropy in the geographic areas in which they operate, within the United States.
ARIZONA GRANTMAKERS FORUM
CATALYST OF SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES
CONNECTICUT COUNCIL FOR PHILANTHROPY
COUNCIL OF MICHIGAN FOUNDATIONS
COUNCIL OF NEW JERSEY GRANTMAKERS
DONORS FORUM OF NORTHEAST FLORIDA
FLORIDA PHILANTHROPIC NETWORK
FOREFRONT
GATEWAY CENTER FOR GIVING
GRANTMAKERS COUNCIL OF RHODE ISLAND
GRANTMAKERS OF OREGON & S W WASHINGTON
GRANTMAKERS OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
INDIANA PHILANTHROPY ALLIANCE
IOWA COUNCIL OF FOUNDATIONS
MAINE PHILANTHROPY CENTER
MARYLAND PHILANTHROPY NETWORK
MINNESOTA COUNCIL ON FOUNDATIONS
NEW MEXICO ASSOCIATION OF GRANTMAKERS
NY FUNDERS ALLIANCE
NORTH CAROLINA NETWORK OF GRANTMAKERS
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA GRANTMAKERS
PHILANTHROPY COLORADO
PHILANTHROPY MASSACHUSETTS
PHILANTHROPY OHIO
PHILANTHROPY NETWORK GREATER PHILADELPHIA
PHILANTHROPY NEW YORK
PHILANTHROPY NORTHWEST
PHILANTHROPY SOUTHWEST
PHILANTHROPY WEST VIRGINIA
SOUTHEASTERN COUNCIL OF FOUNDATIONS
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GRANTMAKERS
WASHINGTON REGIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GRANTMAKERS
WISCONSIN PHILANTHROPY NETWORK
ACADEMIC CENTERS OF PHILANTHROPY
University-based centers primarily located within institutions of higher education that provide training, research, tools, and other resources that help foster the education and advancement of the philanthropic sector.
The Nonprofit Academic Centers Council (NACC) is a membership association comprised of academic centers or programs at accredited colleges and universities that focus on the study of nonprofit organizations, voluntarism and/or Philanthropy.
THE NONPROFIT ACADEMIC CENTERS COUNCIL
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
BARUCH COLLEGE, THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
BAY PATH COLLEGE
BOSTON COLLEGE
CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
CITY UNIVERSITY LONDON
CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPAUL UNIVERSITY
GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY SHREVEPORT
MOUNT ROYAL UNIVERSITY
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW
NORTH PARK UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME
PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
REGIS UNIVERSITY
SEATTLE UNIVERSITY
SETON HALL UNIVERSITY
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
THE NEW SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES
UNIVERSITY AT ALBANY, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI SAINT LOUIS
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO
UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS, MINNESOTA
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MILWAUKEE
VIRGINIA TECH UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF YORK
Last updated: July 2021